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====== Preparation of an hardware node for installing OpenVZ ======

This guide is related to an i386 architecture.

===== Download & install =====

Starting with a fresh installation of an Ubuntu 8.04 LTS (Hardy Heron), downloading from here:

[[http://releases.ubuntu.com/8.04.4/ubuntu-8.04.4-server-i386.iso|ubuntu-8.04.4-server-i386]]

Download "ubuntu-8.04.4-server-i386.iso" and burn it to a rewritable CD. Start installation, set your locale, keyboard, location, etc...
Set the hostname:

<code>
server.dw.lan
</code>

Set the new user:

<code>
manager
</code>

Choose the software to install:

<code>
[x] OpenSSH Server
</code>


===== Activate the "root" user =====

After the first reboot you can login with your previously created username (e.g. manager). Because we must run all the steps from this tutorial with root privileges, we can either prepend all commands in this tutorial with the string sudo, or we can as well enable the root login by running:

<code bash>
sudo passwd root
</code>

Then digit a password for root 2 times and remember it.
To deactivate (lock) the root login, type:

<code bash>
sudo passwd -l root
</code>

To unlock a previously locked root login, type:

<code bash>
sudo passwd -u root
</code>


===== Configure The Network =====

Because the installer has configured our system to get its network settings via DHCP, we have to change that now because a server should have a static IP address. Edit **/etc/network/interfaces** and adjust it to your needs (in this example setup I will use the IP address 192.168.0.100; please note that I replace allow-hotplug eth0 with auto eth0; otherwise restarting the network doesn't work, and we'd have to reboot the whole system):

<code bash>
nano /etc/network/interfaces
</code>

<file bash interfaces>
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
	address 192.168.0.100
	netmask 255.255.255.0
	network 192.168.0.0
	broadcast 192.168.0.255
	gateway 192.168.0.22
</file>

Edit /etc/hosts and add lines similar but appropriate:

nano /etc/hosts

<file bash hosts>
127.0.0.1      localhost
192.168.0.100  server.dw.lan  server
[...]
</file>


Check that we have Fully Qualified Domain Name in /etc/hostname
<code bash>
nano /etc/hostname
</code>

<file bash hostname>
server.dw.lan
</file>

Then reboot:
<code bash>
reboot
</code>

Afterwards, run
<code bash>
hostname
hostname -f
</code>
It is important that both show **server.dw.lan** now!


===== Change The Default Shell =====

We need /bin/bash, not /bin/dash. Therefore we do this:
<code bash>
dpkg-reconfigure dash
</code>
Tell it "no" to the question. This will also retain the change for sure through future updates



===== Disable AppArmor =====

AppArmor is a security extension (similar to SELinux) that should provide extended security. In my opinion you don't need it to configure a secure system, and it usually causes more problems than advantages (think of it after you have done a week of trouble-shooting because some service wasn't working as expected, and then you find out that everything was ok, only AppArmor was causing the problem). Therefore I disable it:
<code bash>
/etc/init.d/apparmor stop
update-rc.d -f apparmor remove
aptitude remove apparmor apparmor-utils
aptitude purge apparmor
</code>


===== Update the Linux Installation =====

In **/etc/apt/sources.list**, comment out or remove the installation CD from the file and make sure that the universe and multiverse repositories are enabled, then type
<code bash>
aptitude update
</code>
to update the apt package database and
<code bash>
aptitude safe-upgrade
</code>
to install the latest updates (if there are any).


===== Synchronize the System Clock =====

It is a good idea to synchronize the system clock with an NTP (network time protocol) server over the Internet. Simply run
<code bash>
aptitude install ntp ntpdate
</code>
and your system time will always be in sync.




===== Installing OpenVZ =====

OpenVZ is available in the Ubuntu repositories
[[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/OpenVZ#8.04%20Hardy|OpenVZ#8.04 Hardy]]

<WRAP em>
Important! Please, make sure that you are using at least the **linux-image-2.6.24-19-openvz** kernel which is the first really stable kernel without basic usability issues.
</WRAP>

To install the OpenVZ kernel and tools, type:
<code bash>
aptitude install linux-openvz vzctl vzquota
</code>

Now reboot the server, then check that has boot into the **openvz** kernel
<code bash>
uname -a
</code>

It must output something like this
<code text>
root@server:~# uname -a
Linux server.dw.lan 2.6.24-28-openvz #1 SMP Wed Aug 25 19:14:57 UTC 2010 i686 GNU/Linux
root@server:~#
</code>

Now remove the **-server** kernel, or the **-generic** if you are on a desktop machine
<code bash>
apt-get remove --purge --auto-remove linux-image-.*server
</code>

Cleanup the installation packages
<code bash>
apt-get clean
</code>


===== Configuring OpenVZ =====

Add these sysctl variables in **/etc/sysctl.conf**\\
This step might not be necessary once the vzctl package is going to be updated

<file bash sysctl.conf>
[...]
# by kokkez
# https://help.ubuntu.com/community/OpenVZ#8.04%20Hardy
###################################################################
# On Hardware Node we generally need
# packet forwarding enabled and proxy arp disabled

net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

# Enables source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

# Enables the magic-sysrq key
kernel.sysrq = 1

# TCP Explict Congestion Notification
#net.ipv4.tcp_ecn = 0

# we do not want all our interfaces to send redirects
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
</file>

Also comment out the line:
<file bash sysctl.conf>
[...]
#vm.mmap_min_addr = 65536
[...]
</file>

Apply the sysctl changes
<code bash>
sysctl -p
</code>

Create a symlink to /vz because most of the vz tools expects the OpenVZ folders to reside there. This step is not necessary, but can eliminate further problems when other vz related components are installed.
<code bash>
ln -s /var/lib/vz /vz
</code>

The following step is important if the IP addresses of your virtual machines are from a different subnet than the host system's IP address. If you don't do this, networking will not work in the virtual machines!

Open **/etc/vz/vz.conf** and set NEIGHBOUR_DEVS to all:
<code bash>
nano /etc/vz/vz.conf
</code>
<file bash sysctl.conf>
[...]
NEIGHBOUR_DEVS=all
[...]
</file>

Finally, reboot the system:
<code bash>
reboot
exit
</code>

If your system reboots without problems, then everything is fine!

[[openvz:using-openvz|Using OpenVZ]]\\
[[openvz:backing-up-containers|Backing up containers]]\\
[[openvz:restoring-containers|Restoring containers]]
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